Forklift Hydraulic Control Valve

Forklift Hydraulic Control Valve - The job of directional control valves is to be able to direct the fluid to the desired actuator. Normally, these control valves comprise a spool positioned inside of a housing made either of cast iron or steel. The spool slides to different places within the housing. Intersecting grooves and channels direct the fluid based on the spool's position.

The spool is centrally located, help in place by springs. In this particular position, the supply fluid can be blocked and returned to the tank. When the spool is slid to a direction, the hydraulic fluid is routed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. When the spool is moved to the opposite direction, the return and supply paths are switched. As soon as the spool is allowed to return to the neutral or center position, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into position.

The directional control is usually made to be stackable. They normally have one valve per hydraulic cylinder and one fluid input which supplies all the valves inside the stack.

So as to avoid leaking and deal with the high pressure, tolerances are maintained really tight. Normally, the spools have a clearance with the housing of less than a thousandth of an inch or 25 µm. To be able to avoid jamming the valve's extremely sensitive parts and distorting the valve, the valve block would be mounted to the machine' frame with a 3-point pattern.

A hydraulic pilot pressure, mechanical levers, or solenoids could actuate or push the spool right or left. A seal allows a part of the spool to protrude outside the housing where it is easy to get to to the actuator.

The main valve block is usually a stack of off the shelf directional control valves chosen by capacity and flow performance. Various valves are designed to be on-off, while others are designed to be proportional, as in flow rate proportional to valve position. The control valve is one of the most pricey and sensitive components of a hydraulic circuit.

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